Abstract
Incretins are hormones released by nutrients from the GI tract. They amplify glucose-induced
insulin release. By raising circulating incretin levels, oral glucose provokes a higher
insulin response than that resulting from intravenous glucose. The two most important
incretin hormones are glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like
peptide-1 (GLP-1). In patients with type 2 diabetes, the incretin effect is decreased,
mainly due to loss of the GIP-regulated second phase of insulin secretion, and because
of a decreased secretion of GLP-1. In addition to its insulinotropic effect, GLP-1
inhibits glucagon release, prolongs gastric emptying, and leads to decreases in body-weight,
all of which explain the marked antidiabetogenic effect of this incretin hormone.
Key words
Incretin hormones - Insulin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) - Type 2 diabetes
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Prof. S. Efendic
Institutionen för Molekylär Medicin, Enheten för Endokrinologi D2 : 04, 4tr
Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset · Solna · SE-17176 Stockholm · Sweden
Phone: +46-8-517-74365/73665
Fax: +46-8-517-73096 ·
Email: Suad.Efendic@molmed.ki.se
